Transitioning to Geocratia — the People and Planet and Not the Market Paradigm — First Steps

Parting from the fact that saving Planet Earth, our home, changes everything, we need to build a new ethos where the majority of humankind commits to a system whose only purpose is the pursuit of the welfare of people and Planet Earth. This requires that all Earth resources necessary for the enjoyment of life of all living things be managed to achieve true long-term sustainability. — Álvaro J. de Regil

The Unbearable Unawareness of our Ecological Existential Crisis

Over the past two years, the full report on Climate Change Mitigation by IPCC scientists, as well as research from other centres such as the Stockholm Resilience Centre, has consistently confirmed that we are on a doomsday trajectory. Unless we move rapidly in the opposite direction, the chances that we will face planetary catastrophes that seriously threaten the existence of life on our planet in the next twenty years are realistic and probable. Unsustainable capitalism keeps us deluded and largely unaware that we are on the brink of a serious existential risk. Therefore the great challenge is to provoke the awareness and critical thinking of ordinary citizens. Only a Citixens Revolution can stop our demise, but capitalism’s behemoth keeps people deceitful and mostly unaware of being on the verge of a catastrophic end. We must arouse Now! –– Álvaro J. de Regil

Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries

The update of the planetary boundaries framework reveals that six of the nine boundaries have been transgressed, suggesting that the Earth is now outside the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is about to be exceeded, while aerosol loading exceeds the limit regionally. Stratospheric ozone levels have recovered slightly. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries previously identified as exceeded. Given that primary production drives the biosphere functions of the Earth system, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for the functional integrity of the biosphere. This boundary has also been transgressed. Modeling the Earth system with different levels of transgression of climate change and Earth system boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on the Earth system must be considered in a systemic context. —Katherine Richardson et al

Value Transfer and Labour Arbitrage Based on Unequal Exchange: The Case of Mexico – United States

Unequal exchange is a key concept in Marxist critiques of the capitalist global system, proposing that uneven development between the global core and periphery is driven by the core's retention of a substantial portion of value produced in the periphery. This occurs by establishing average global profit rates and international market prices across the global market despite stark wage disparities. This study highlights that wage disparities are crucial for monopoly capital accumulation, resulting in diminished wages and precarious social conditions in Mexico, with a labour value drainage of $135 billion dollars in 2023, representing 7.5% of its GDP. —Mateo Crossa Niell – Álvaro de Regil Castilla

Post-growth: the science of wellbeing within planetary boundaries

There are increasing concerns that continued economic growth in high-income countries might not be environmentally sustainable, socially beneficial, or economically achievable. In this Review, we explore the rapidly advancing field of post-growth research, which has evolved in response to these concerns. The central idea of post-growth is to replace the goal of increasing GDP with the goal of improving human wellbeing within planetary boundaries. Key advances discussed in this Review include: the development of ecological macroeconomic models that test policies for managing without growth; understanding and reducing the growth dependencies that tie social welfare to increasing GDP in the current economy; and characterising the policies and provisioning systems that would allow resource use to be reduced while improving human wellbeing. —Giorgos Kallis et al

Safe and Just Earth System Boundaries

Humanity is well into the Anthropocene, the proposed new geological epoch where human pressures have put the Earth system on a trajectory moving rapidly away from the stable Holocene state of the past 12,000 years, which is the only state of the Earth system we have evidence of being able to support the world as we know it. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just Earth System Boundaries (ESB) and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future. — Johan Rockström et al

Unequal exchange of labour in the world economy

Researchers have argued that wealthy nations rely on a large net appropriation of labour and resources from the rest of the world through unequal exchange in international trade and global commodity chains. Here we assess this empirically by measuring flows of embodied labour in the world economy from 1995–2021, accounting for skill levels, sectors and wages. We find that, in 2021, the economies of the global North net-appropriated 826 billion hours of embodied labour from the global South, across all skill levels and sectors. The wage value of this net-appropriated labour was equivalent to €16.9 trillion in Northern prices, accounting for skill level. This appropriation roughly doubles the labour that is available for Northern consumption but drains the South of productive capacity that could be used instead for local human needs and development. While Southern workers contribute 90% of the labour that powers the world economy, they receive only 21% of global income. —Jason Hickel et al

Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change: Core Issues and Implications for Practical Implementations

According to current forecasts, global heating is likely to exceed 2.8 °C by the end of this century. This makes substantial adaptation measures necessary to secure a broad basis for livelihood provision and the conservation of biodiversity. While the implementation of top-down and technocratic adaptation efforts predominates, related adaptation shortcomings of a socio-economic and ecological nature are becoming more and more apparent. Community-based adaptation (CBA), with its participatory, inclusive and needs-based bottom-up approach, offers a promising and powerful alternative. This article uses a semi-systematic literature review approach to screen the current literature and identify core issues of CBA. ––Tom Selje et al

Arghiri Emmanuel and Unequal Exchange: Past, Present, and Future Relevance

To paraphrase Mao Zedong: Where do ideas come from? Do they drop from the sky? No, they come from social practice, the struggle for production, the class struggle, and scientific work. There is a close link between what goes on in the world, the project of classes and states, and theoretical and political debates. This is Arghiri Emmanuel’s life story, of which his theory of unequal exchange is a prime example. —Torkil Lauesen

Controversial Demographic Projections Under Climate Collapse in 2050 - South and Mesoamerica in a Global Context

The corporate sector is building another aggressive re-engineering of global agrifood systems in South America and Mesoamerica. The region represents a pillar for global food security, warns the UN in the New Mission. Capitalist euphoria assumes 10 billion inhabitants by 2050. This is forging higher agricultural productivity, innovation, digitalisation and the expansion of standardised agriculture. Thus, they produce and market food destined for populations with some or enough consumption capacity, overconsumption and waste of food with equivalent carbon footprints. –– Nubia Barrera Silva

Capitalist reforms and extreme poverty in China: unprecedented progress or income deflation?

It is widely believed that China's socialist economy had relatively high rates of extreme poverty while the capitalist reforms of the 1980s and 1990s delivered rapid progress. This narrative relies on World Bank Hoever, from 1981 to 1990, when most of China’s socialist provisioning systems were still in place, the country’s extreme poverty rate was on average only 5.6 per cent, substantially lower than in capitalist economies of comparable size and income at the timeMoreover, extreme poverty in China increased during the capitalist reforms of the 1990s, reaching a peak of 68 per cent,as privatisation inflated the prices of essential goods and thus deflated the incomes of the working classes. These results indicate that socialist provisioning policies can be effective at preventing extreme poverty, while market reforms may threaten people's ability to meet basic needs. —Dylan Sullivan, Michail Moatsos and Jason Hickel

Planetary Health Check 2025 – A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet - Executive Summary

The Planetary Health Check (PHC) report provides an assessment of the state of our planet. It is based on the Planetary Boundaries (PBs) – the nine processes that are known to regulate the stability, resilience (ability to absorb disruptions) and life-support functions of our planet. Each of these processes, such as Climate Change or Ocean Acidification, is currently quantified by one or two control variables. The 2025 PHC report concludes that seven out of nine Planetary Boundaries have been breached, with all of those seven showing trends of increasing pressure – suggesting further deterioration and destabilisation of planetary health in the near future. –Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

“The history of capitalism is a history of recurring genocides” – Interview with Jason W. Moore, historian and geographer

Talking to Jason W. Moore (Oregon, 1971) means talking about the Capitalocene, a concept he proposed to ‘ridicule the authoritarian thinking that dates back to Malthus in the late 18th century,’ where overpopulation was the source of inequality. For the historian, geographer and professor of sociology, climate change is the responsibility of the capitalist class and the 150 transnational corporations responsible for more than 70% of global carbon and greenhouse gas emissions since 1850. The climate crisis, he concludes, is a labour issue, a class war. In this interview, Moore also develops the idea of “cheap nature” and “attempts from above to devalue human life”. He also analyses the genocide in Gaza – “unique, but not exceptional” – and provides key tools for organising anti-systemic movements that can respond to capitalism in crisis. –Adriá Rodríguez

How much growth is required to achieve good lives for all?

Some narratives in international development hold that ending poverty and achieving good lives for all will require every country to reach the levels of GDP per capita that currently characterise high-income countries. However, this would require increasing total global output and resource use several times over, dramatically exacerbating ecological breakdown. Furthermore, universal convergence along these lines is unlikely within the imperialist structure of the existing world economy. Here we demonstrate that this dilemma can be resolved with an approach rooted in needs-based analyses, increasing the specific forms of production necessary to improve capabilities and meet human needs at a high standard, while ensuring universal access to key goods and services through public provisioning and decommodification. —Jason Hickel / Dylan Sullivan

Energy transitions and degrowth: an interview with Manuel Casal Lodeiro

On the occasion of the publication of Las verdades incómodas de la Transición Energética (The Uncomfortable Truths of the Energy Transition), a group of Philosophy students from the Autonomous University of Madrid conducted this interview with the author, Manuel Casal Lodeiro, in the spring of 2025. –Manuel Casal Lodeiro, Francisco Alejandro Carrasco, Miguel Ángel Villar, Alejandra Santos, Aida Quiralte

Einstein’s “Why Socialism?” and ‘Monthly Review’: A Historical Introduction

Albert Einstein, the world's most famous theoretical physicist and its most celebrated scientist, had fled Germany after the rise of Adolf Hitler, emigrating to the United States in 1933, where he became a citizen in 1940. However, for J. Edgar Hoover's FBI, Einstein remained a dangerous and anti-American figure who threatened the internal security of the United States by his very presence in the country. His 1949 publication of an article entitled ‘Why Socialism?’ for the new magazine Monthly Review: An Independent Socialist Magazine was thus seen by the FBI as direct confirmation of his strong ‘Communist sympathies.’ —John Bellamy Foster

The pressing priority of saving the Amazonia

The world's most biodiverse region is threatened by deforestation levels close to the point of no return. Despite this, the countries involved failed to reach agreements at the last summit in Brazil in August. –– David Roca Basadre

Chinese-Style Modernisation: Revolution and the Worker-Peasant Alliance

In Western ideology, China is no longer perceived as a socialist country, although traces of its revolutionary legacy remain. According to this perspective, the objective of modernisation in China has replaced that of revolution, which has in turn played an important role in stabilising the global capitalist system. In other words, China’s integration into global capitalism has helped to solidify the process of capitalist globalisation. Consequently, modernisation and revolution, as well as globalisation and revolution, are presented as dichotomies. Today, the world remains confined by dichotomous thinking. This thinking, however, does a disservice to understanding China’s path of development toward socialist modernisation and national sovereignty since the People’s Republic of China (PRC) was formed in 1949. Lu Xinyu

Capitalism and Extreme Poverty: A Global Analysis of Real Wages, Human Height, Mortality Since the Long 16th Century

This paper assesses claims that, prior to the 19th century, around 90% of the human population lived in extreme poverty (defined as the inability to access essential goods), and that global human welfare only began to improve with the rise of capitalism. The rise of capitalism caused a dramatic deterioration of human welfare. In all regions studied here, incorporation into the capitalist world-system was associated with a decline in wages to below subsistence, a deterioration in human stature, and an upturn in premature mortality. –– Dylan Sullivan and Jason Hickel

The integrated guide to imperialism in Venezuela

The kidnapping of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, by US imperialism marks a new and extremely serious escalation in the sustained aggression against Venezuela's sovereignty. Far from being an isolated or exceptional event, this episode is part of a prolonged offensive that combines economic and financial warfare, political delegitimisation, military coercion and the production of media consensus and cultural hegemony. In the face of information confusion, propaganda, and the proliferationof speculative narratives, this article proposesa framework for analysing the structural logic of contemporary imperialism and placing this attack within the siege Venezuela has endured for decades. –Alejandro Pedregal

Climate resilience through ecocultural stewardship

The climate crisis has exacerbated many ecological and cultural problems including wildfire and drought vulnerability, biodiversity declines, and social justice and equity. While there are many concepts of social and ecological resilience, the exemplar practices of Indigenous stewardship are recognised in having sustained Indigenous peoples and their countries for millennia and past climate change events. California has been at the crossroads of many of these issues, and the historic and current contributions of Indigenous peoples to addressing these provide an excellent study of ecocultural stewardship and leadership by Indigenous peoples to achieve climate resilience. –Don L. Hankins

Eco-Marxism and Prometheus Unbound

In the West, ecological modernisation as a model for addressing environmental problems has long been the subject of critique by ecosocialists and by radical ecologists in general. In contrast, in China, ecological modernism as a way of redressing environmental problems has the strong backing of ecological Marxists. The primary reason for these differing approaches should be obvious. In the West, the notion of ecological modernisation, while unobjectionable in itself as part of a comprehensive process of environmental change, has come to stand ideologically for the restrictive model of capitalist ecological modernisation. Here it is suggested that environmental problems can be addressed by technological means alone within the established social relations of capitalism in a purely reformist context. Distinct from this, socialist ecological modernisation, as envisioned in China and in a few other postrevolutionary states, is substantively different. It requires a break with the social relations of capital accumulation, facilitating changes in the human relation to nature that are of a revolutionary character, aimed at the creation of an ecological civilisation geared to sustainable human development. –John Bellamy Foster

«Geocratia proposes to establish a social contract with our planet» – A conversation with his ideologue

On the occasion of the publication of his latest essay (2026), Geocratia, the paradigm that goes for the welfare of people and the planet and not the market, we wanted to talk to the Mexican author to explore his original political proposal. –Álvaro J. de Regil and Laura G. Vales

China's "Triple Revolution Theory" and Marxist Analysis

In what is known as the New Era, beginning in 2012 with the rise of Xi Jinping as chairman of the Communist Party of China and president of the People’s Republic of China, there has been a steady advance of the Sinicisation of Marxist theory and of the concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics, spreading to all aspects of society and adopted as a governing principle for China as a whole. These shifts in the historical progression of the Chinese Revolution have led to various attempts to theorize the three stages of the revolution. Here, its authors provide what they call “Triple Revolution Theory.” Their article is a product of the Sinicisation of Marxism and is primarily written for a Chinese audience and for Marxists worldwide who have been following the progress of the Chinese Revolution. Since their argument is both logical and historical in character, it should be readily understandable to patient and attentive readers. —Cheng Enfu y Yang Jun

The age of electricity is already upon us, but demand for fossil fuels will continue to grow until 2050

The International Energy Agency (IEA) confirms that advances in electrification point to a decline in the use of polluting fuels. However, under current policies, demand for oil and gas will continue to rise over the next 25 years. In the midst of COP 30, the IEA published its annual World Energy Outlook report, which analyses and projects global trends in energy supply and demand. The document confirms that the planet has definitively entered the ‘age of electricity’, an indispensable foundation for decarbonisation. However, there are many warning signs and concludes that governments' ambition to mitigate the worst effects of climate change is weakening. –Andrés Actis

Geocratia, the Paradigm that Pursues the Well-being of People and the Planet, Not the Market

Organising to save ourselves by saving the planet is the most important thing we will ever undertake in our lives; it is our last chance to have a future. Geocratia is a concept that it is anti-capitalist by nature. Attesting year after year how those in absolute control of the reins of power insist on maintaining the same trajectory that ensures a high existential risk to humans and non-humans, I am reviewing and deepening the geocratic proposal. The first part situates us in the context in which we find ourselves, from a political, ecological, economic, and consumer perspective. The second part presents the proposal to transition to Geocratia in its symbiosis with the Gaia hypothesis, its structure and the practical way to implement it. It concludes by suggesting how to take the first step at the community level, raising awareness and forming citizen cells, the most basic and organic form of transitioning to Geocratia. –Álvaro J. de Regil

Marx and Communal Society

Marx’s approach to communal society is of genuine significance not only in understanding his thought as a whole, but also in helping guide humanity past the iron cage of capitalist society. In addition to presenting a philosophical anthropology of communism, he delved into the history and ethnology of actual communal social formations. This led to concrete investigations into communal production and exchange. All of this played into his conception of the communism of the future as a society of associated producers. In our time, communal production and exchange, and elements of a communal state, have been developed, with varying degrees of success, in a number of socialist societies following revolutions, notably in the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Venezuela, and elsewhere around the world. Marx’s understanding of the history, philosophy, anthropology, and political economy of communal/collective society is thus an important source of insight and vision, not only with respect to the past, but also the present and future. –John Bellamy Foster

Ecological Transformation, Agriculture, and the Survival of Humanity

The three articles in this issue of the international edition of Wenhua Zongheng (文化纵横) offer complementary views on issues that are fundamental to the survival of humanity: food production, agroecology, environmental restoration, and renewable energies. Committed to the causes of their people and of all humanity, the Chinese authors present readers with concrete experiences from the reality of their country. –João Pedro Stédile

Socialist Communes and Anti-Imperialism: The Marxist Approach

“The direct antithesis to the empire was the Commune.” –Karl Marx, The Civil War in France. With the goal of determining when and where a socialist commune qualifies as anti-imperialist, I will look at Karl Marx’s own reflections on the commune, which took on greater centrality in his vision of social change in his last years, taking them to be a kind of model for what it is to be a socialist, anti-imperialist commune. My aim will be to show how these reflections by Marx, despite being most fully developed in his last period (1870–1883), are nevertheless connected to his whole theoretical apparatus and project. That project involves a revolutionary intervention in the state, followed by a transformation of the whole economy and society, and it is by its very nature opposed to imperialism. Thus, if communes are assumed in the way defended by Marx, they will be part of an unfolding anticapitalist and anti-imperialist strategy. –Chris Gilbert

The authoritarian tendencies of 21st-century capitalism

A major economic, political, cultural and geopolitical battle is being waged in the context of capitalism's quest for repositioning and its authoritarian intentions to reorganise the global geo-economic order. The quest for self-determination is a constant theme in Iberian America and the Caribbean. At different times and in various contexts, proposals for sovereignty emerge and become the backbone of challenging projects for change, sometimes localised and sometimes systemic, such as those that have shaped the region's destiny so far this century. At the same time, there are recurring bouts of authoritarianism which, with different nuances, are also a constant feature, serving to maintain the prevailing conditions of subjugation. –Irene León

Beyond Growth

Society does not exist. There are individual men and women, and there are families.” These words, spoken by Margaret Thatcher in1987, perfectly reflect the philosophy behind the policies generated by the so-called Washington Consensus (1989), imposed by Reagan and Thatcher after the great global crisis of the 1970s. This philosophy and the measures implemented placed the market above all else and institutionalised liberalisation, privatisation, deregulation, tax reduction or elimination, and the absence of control over capital markets… The state disappeared to give prominence to private companies. As a result, inequality reached unprecedented levels, the arms industry continued to grow, and social protection budgets were drastically reduced. Bringing this up makes a lot of sense when we talk about how the planet has had enough, has said enough is enough to the destruction of nature and the environment caused by these policies and human beings. –Lourdes Lucía – Alberto Fraguas

From Anti-Francoism to Fridays for Future: Environmentalism in Spain Through the Generations

Irene Rubiera and Pedro Costa were born more than 50 years apart, but they are both driven by the same passion: protecting the environment. Each of them represents a different generation of activists and embodies the evolving strategies, priorities, and challenges of environmentalism in Spain – from the anti-nuclear struggle under Franco’s dictatorship to the global climate movement sparked by Fridays for Future. What do they see when they look back on their paths, and how do they view the future of the movement? –Bernardo Álvarez, Irene Rubiera, Pedro Costa

Why the world ignores Cassandra

Reality is our problem and also our answer. For, as always, the answer to the problem lies not in running away from it — there is simply nowhere to run to — but in turning to face it.

— Peter Kingsley, Reality (2024)


Cassandra's wound
It is true - and it should be stated clearly from the outset - that the way in which capitalism is structured as a mode of global civilisation, and not only as a system of production, profoundly conditions our ability to perceive and understand the civilisational collapse underway. This difficulty is especially accentuated when we live in the centre of the system, a centre that, in order to sustain itself as such, has had to recurrently provoke partial or local collapses in the savage, backward or underdeveloped peripheries - the former colonies - today once again plundered and abandoned to their fate.

Late capitalism has become an integral machinery of symbolic, affective, and existential control: the Megachine of which Fabian Scheidler (2024) speaks, which penetrates, transforms, and regulates all dimensions of life. As we well know, it does not limit itself to exploiting labour or resources: it produces subjectivities, shapes ways of feeling, filters collective emotions and designs the frameworks of the sayable and the imaginable. It has become an ontological structure that imposes what can be perceived, what can be said, and, above all, what can be believed.

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Research and analysis to provoke public awareness and critical thinking

We contribute to the liberalisation of the democratic instituions of society, for they have been captured by the owners of the market. They work in tandem with their market agents, who, posing as public servants, are entrenched in the halls of government. The political class has betrayed its public mandate and instead operates to impose a marketocratic state to maximise the shareholder value of the institutional investors of international financial markets. They own the global corporations and think they own the world on behalf of their very private interest.

Our spheres of action: true democracy – true sustainability – living wage – basic income – inequality – ecological footprint – degrowth – global warming –human development – corporate accountability – civil, political, economic, social, cultural and environmental rights, responsible consumption, sustainable autonomous citizen cells...

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Parting from an ethos of true democracy and true sustainability, We, the citizenry, work to advance the paradigm whose only purpose is to go in pursuit of the welfare of People and Planet and NOT the market.

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Overpopulation and sustainability
Overpopulation and sustainability
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Refuting the hollow notion of the polycrisis

Why capitalism's structural crisis is all-encompassing

It is a commonplace that the world in the first quarter of the twenty-first century is facing multiple, multifaceted crises, threatening all world civilisation and the future of humanity itself. So omnipresent is the contemporary world disorder that received ideology has settled on a single word to describe it: “polycrisis.

However, anyone who wants to know what polycrisis is and where it comes from—beyond representing intersecting and accelerated crises, each with their own separate causes, but today interlocking inevitably runs up against a blank wall. This is equally the case when the question of concrete solutions to this overarching polycrisis is raised: no solutions are offered. In fact, the vacuousness of the concept of polycrisis is not accidental, but, intentional, to which the concept owes its primary importance in received ideology.______________________________
 

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The Shale Revolution, U.S. Imperialism, and Mexico's Energy Dependence

U.S. imperialism has historically hinged on its control of global fossil fuel, leveraging it as a core mechanism of geopolitical power and global dominance. In the early twentieth century, the United States emerged as the world’s preeminent oil producer, embedding its imperial power in the structures of fossil fuel-based capitalism. Corporate oil giants such as the global cartel of the Seven Sisters (Standard Oil of New Jersey [Exxon], Gulf Oil, Texaco, BP, Shell, Mobil, and Chevron) were monopoly formations instrumented by imperial force, enabling U.S. industrial ascendancy and global influence. As U.S. fossil fuel production reached “peak oil” and domestic oil reserves declined since the mid-twentieth century, the United States shifted from extraction-based supremacy to an imperial mode of governance centered on controlling global fossil fuel-based energy flows. This strategic transition, which was accelerated by the oil shocks of the 1970s, marked a deepening reliance on coercive mechanisms: military interventions, regime changes, and economic manipulation in oil-rich regions, particularly across the Middle East and the Global South.

 

 

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Systemic Strategies for a Complex Transition
 

This post summarises my talk on 11 July 2025 at the Summer Course of the University of Cadiz, Remedies for a Planet in Crisis. The talk was entitled Strategies for another possible energy model for other possible worlds. It came after those of Antonio Turiel, Alicia Valero, Ferran Puig, Antonio Aretxabala and José Luis Yeltes, who had already clearly defined the problems of energy, material and ecosystemic limits. This presentation aimed to identify solutions, and I used system dynamics tools to do so.

 

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The Grammar of Resistance: Rethinking Palestine Beyond Pity and Fear

It has become increasingly difficult to speak of Palestine without falling into one of the two dominant registers of Western discourse: on one side, a humanitarianism that evokes compassion but leaves structures of domination untouched; on the other, a strategic realism that calculates but cannot imagine. In both cases, Palestinian resistance is hollowed out—reduced to emotional pathology or excluded from the realm of political rationality. When it is not pitied, it is criminalised. And more and more often, this criminalisation bears the familiar marks of Islamophobia: resistance is framed as terrorism, survival as threat, and thought as potential radicalisation.

Yet, as pro-Gaza demonstrations multiply across Europe—often marked by a belated, conditional, and at times self-exculpatory awakening of conscience—there remains a lesson no intermittent outrage can obscure: Palestinian resistance preceded this moment, persists through it, and will endure beyond it not as a desperate reaction, but as a proposition for the world. It is a resistance that thinks, creates, and envisions futures. It seeks no approval from above but calls upon every political conscience unwilling to surrender to the imperial order.

 

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 Transitioning to Geocratia — the
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Technological Dynamics of Growth and Stability

Chapter Seven from the Authors, "The Physics of Capitalism"
 

The ecosphere is capable of handling and assimilating a great deal of human waste and low- grade energy without getting severely destabilised. However, our current age of industrial capitalism is testing that proposition in every possible way. According to the International Energy Agency, a typical electric vehicle requires six times the mineral inputs of a conventional gas-powered vehicle. The typical onshore wind plant needs nine times more minerals than a conventional gas-fired power plant. Since 2010, every new unit of power generation has required on average 50 percent more mineral resources. But despite the impressive scale of this transition, the world is still using more energy, emitting more greenhouse gases, and setting new records in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. That’s in large part because the transition to renewables is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, as raw minerals are mined and transported using vehicles powered by fossil fuels.

Moreover, the idea that we can do more with less is seductive, but there are several reasons why this strategy will fail over the long run, if we choose to keep pursuing it. The most fundamental reason is that nature imposes absolute physical limits on efficiency that no amount of technological progress can overcome. Aggregate efficiency gains for entire economies are almost always associated with higher levels of energy use and consumption, not less. Increases in energy efficiency are generally used to expand accumulation and production, leading to greater consumption of the very resources that the efficiency improvements were supposed to conserve. Thus, a person driving a Tesla would have produced roughly the same carbon emissions as someone driving a Honda Accord.

Most of these debates have in common that they’re happening within the ideological framework of capitalist economies. The reason why elites frame the potential solutions to our common global problems as a simple matter of technological tinkering is simply because that’s what would allow them to preserve their wealth and power, to preserve the status quo from which they benefit. Capitalists are the apex predators of the ruling classes, and capitalists anywhere and everywhere are masters of deception and distraction.

Given all these challenges, a renewable strategy based on the “Holy Trinity”—wind, solar, and hydro—is the most plausible and realistic path forward in the future. A radical and rapid transition toward renewable energy can and must take place, but only if it’s accompanied by massive cutbacks in aggregate energy use. Electricity generation can undergo a radically quick transition toward renewables; there’s no technological barrier there at all. It’s purely social and political barriers that are the problem.

We need new political and economic institutions that prioritise the long-run stability of our biosphere as well as the economic concerns of workers worldwide. And to get there, we’ll need to better understand the complex relationship between society, energy, and technology—that is, to understand how the actions of the social institutions that govern our lives affect the energetic and technological dynamics that are increasingly governing the global ecosphere.

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Degrowth and flourishing, or stay the same and perish along or stay the way

If we truly desire a dignified and thriving future for generations to come, we have no choice but to degrow by decisively eliminating our consumerist culture
 

So far this century, in a sector already fully aware of the planetary crisis, ordinary citizens have been called upon with increasing frequency to reduce their consumption urgently. We call for cutting fossil fuel consumption, abandoning them and replacing them with renewable energies, eliminating our consumerist habits, caring for nature, our entire planet, Gaia. However, we have not managed to transcend the citizen's maginary to become aware that either we cut our consumption or we will face an enormous existential risk. This is because capital has systematically prevented this, alienating us from our essence. This not only alienates us in our work and social relationships, from our sense of identity with the community to which we belong and with nature, of which our species is a part, but also prevents us from talking about the impact of the capitalist system on our planet, our home. Indeed, capitalism alienates us from our essence, harassing societies daily with its Promethean discourse that everything can be achieved through technology, that happiness lies in having—not in being—and that we must therefore strive to possess and consume.

The fact is that the vast majority of studies published by the scientific community have consistently sounded the alarm throughout this century, warning that unless we urgently change the unsustainable course we are currently on under capitalism, we will face planetary catastrophes not only from climate change, the most visible of these, but from eight other essential planetary processes that provide the conditions necessary for life to flourish and be sustained. If we fail to do so, as early as 2040, we will face multiple catastrophes that will cause perhaps millions, if not billions, of human deaths in the decades that follow. Likewise, we are well on the way to bringing about the sixth mass extinction of species and the probable extinction of life on the planet, as known to those who survive. This constitutes the collapse of civilisation and an enormous existential risk. A collapse which, ironically, is being brought about directly by the very civilisation that is so often touted—preeminently Western civilisation—because of its capitalist, warmongering, colonialist, and racist nature, the emblem of which is undoubtedly the United States. 

This essay is based on the geocratic paradigm I have been developing since 2020, which proposes reorganising ourselves to take care of our planet. To take care of us, it is necessary to put the planet's needs before our own. The latest version of Geocratia can be found here.

This essay focuses on demonstrating that it is perfectly possible to reverse the dystopian trajectory we are on, and that this is done by applying market logic through the exercise of our power of consumption. First, it is argued that it is clearly possible to greatly reduce our planet's response to the crisis the capitalocene has brought it into, after having enjoyed the equilibrium it maintained throughout the Holocene. This is achieved by changing our way of life, through a cultural shift, by decreasing our consumption of resources to styles that allow us to fully enjoy life while taking care of the planet, staying within the planetary boundaries necessary for its stability, and living much better by consuming less of everything. In Geocratia, degrowth is a consequence of cultural change and not a model or an end in itself. The end is to save ourselves by saving our planet by replacing capitalism. Second, there is a clear way to convince the majority needed to materialise such a change, by replacing the dystopian trajectory we are unconsciously following through the subterfuge of the culture of consumerism. This happens by following market logic, adopting a new culture of sustainable consumption aimed at satisfying our real and universal needs, and discarding everything the market instils in us about what we must consume, even if it is absolutely unnecessary and harmful to people and the planet. Indeed, market logic is the only one that significantly influences government decision-making, because by adopting the new geocratic consumer culture, the blow to the system is direct, forcing governments to change the bulk of their economic, social and environmental policies for the benefit of people and planet and to the detriment of capital. Moreover, regardless of the pace at which governments replace their policies, people and the planet will benefit from the fall in consumption. Finally, applying market logic, it also opens the door to organising ourselves in rural and urban geocratic communities under different forms of social organisation (nation, province, municipality, city, community, village...), beyond the increasingly obsolete concept of the nation-state

 

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Geocratia, the Paradigm that Pursues the Well-being of People and the Planet, Not the Market

Organising to save ourselves by saving the planet is the most important thing we will ever undertake in our lives; it is our last chance to have a future

From the moment I became aware of the planetary crisis, back in 2010, I began reflecting and imagining how we humans could live in harmony with nature. I was alarmed that, given the path we are currently on, it seems impossible for our species to remain within the planetary boundaries necessary for the reproduction and sustainability of life and health on our home, planet Earth. After much research and interaction with a community increasingly concerned about the planetary crisis, in 2020, I published a proposal to imagine and suggest how to abandon the current paradigm. It is about moving towards a vision that guarantees a dignified, pleasant and sustainable life for future generations by caring for Gaia, our planet's biosphere, to maintain the conditions necessary for the flourishing and conservation of all forms of life. Geocratia is a practical concept whose dialectic directly contrasts with the current market-driven paradigm; therefore, it must be concluded that it is anti-capitalist by nature. Five years later, after observing how those in absolute control of the reins of power insist on maintaining the same trajectory that ensures a high existential risk to humans and non-humans, I am reviewing and deepening the geocratic proposal. This is reinforced by commentary from colleagues and by new research published by a variety of authors, confirming that humanity's current trajectory is leading us straight to our final cliff. The first part situates us in the context in which we find ourselves, from a political, ecological, economic, and consumer perspective. The second part presents the proposal to transition to Geocratia in its symbiosis with the Gaia hypothesis, its structure and the practical way to implement it. It concludes by suggesting how to take the first step at the community level, raising awareness and forming citizen cells, the most basic and organic form of transitioning to Geocratia.

 

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«Geocratia proposes to establish a social contract with our planet»

A conversation with his ideologue

On the occasion of the publication of his latest essay (2026), Geocratia, the paradigm that goes for the welfare of people and the planet and not the market, we wanted to talk to the Mexican author to explore his original political proposal.

Introductory biography
Álvaro de Regil Castilla is the executive director of the Jus Semper Global Alliance. This organisation has been promoting living wages as the basis of any sustainable and democratic society since 2003. He launched the Living Wages North andSouth (TLWNSI) initiative, an international benchmark in denouncing unequal exchange through labour arbitration in global supply chains generated by corporate globalisation. He is also a founding member of the International Living Wage Observatory (OISAD) at La Salle University in Mexico City.

Since 2015, his work has centred on promoting the need to build the imaginary of a new paradigm for the well-being of people and planet in a truly democratic environment, free from capitalism. As part of this transformative concept, he works in the fields of labour rights, business and human rights, degrowth/steady-state economics, basic income, and the drastic reduction of humanity's environmental footprint as the only way to achieve the sustainability of life on our home planet, Earth.

Alvaro is also a contributor to the vision and transformative praxis of the Great Transition Initiative at the Tellus Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, and a consultant on the underlying causes of immigration with several community organisations in California and with California Lutheran University.

Starting concepts
Laura G. Vales: Five years have passed since you wrote the first version of Geocratia, a proposal that now has a much more forged structure. How would you summarise this paradigm for a citizenry that already perceives that the current system is in crisis, but does not know where to look?

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